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It was an instrument used in houses to draw water from the well. It consists an upright pole, a long counter balanced pole on a pivot, which ply on a pin attached to the upright pole.  On one end of the counter balanced pole a bucket is attached using a long rope.  On the other end of the counter balanced pole enough weight is suspended so as keep the bucket and rope swinging on the counter balanced pole.  The person who wants to draw water should swing the bucket down using his hands. Dip the bucket in the water, release the rope slowly using both hands, the bucket with water comes up because of the weight on the other end of the counter balanced pole. Drawing the water is easy, though sending the empty bucket takes some effort. Shadoo was invented in prehistoric times in Mesopotamia as early as the time of Sargon of Akkad.  The earliest evidence of this is a cylindrical seal with a depiction of shadoof. Later, Minoans adopted this in Crete.  It reached in uppe...

Greek society was composed of citizens, metics and slaves. As per one census in 317 their numbers were 21000, 10000, and 4,00,000. That means the number of slaves. That means the citizens were only below 5 per cent of total population. The slaves composed of skilled manual labourers.  They may desert the country as a protest in times of war.  They may be shield makers, knife makers, or couch makers. The slaves were from different regions. There may be Thracians, Syrians, Illyrian, Skythian, Lydian, Kolkhian etc. They may include men, women, boys and girls.  They might have been bought at different prices.  Some of them were attached to land.  When ships were consficated, their owners were taken as slaves. There were sailors and marines.  The hoplite class also owned slaves.  There were independent citizen craftsmen. Xenophon was a Greek military leader, philosopher and historian, born in Athens. He records as follows:  Nikias son Nikeratos owned 1...